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Change from Nomads to Agricultural societies
Took hundreds, perhaps 1,000 of years for the change to take place
Slash and burn
Breeding of animals for labor, food
What does stability =?
Population increase
Slide 3
Neolithic Revolution
Surplus of food
Job specialization b/c not everyone needed to farm…what other jobs did people began doing?
Religion?
What did they pray for?
Change in gender roles
Slide 4
Identifying characteristics of Cities
Surplus food
Specialization of workers
Trade
Social stratification
Organized government
Complex religions
Written language
Arts/architecture
Slide 5
Mesopotamia
AKA-Fertile Crescent
SW Asia; Tigris and Euphrates
Sumer arrived around 3000 BCE
Pop. 100,000
Kings ruling city-states
Social structure
Cuneiform
Epic of Gilgamesh
Nile River
Predictable; gave silt
5000BCE
Geography protects Egypt
Pharaohs-gods on earth
Pyramids of Giza
84,000 laborers; 20 years
Used bronze weapons, skilled in math, medicine, astronomy
Hieroglyphics
Polytheistic
mummification
Slide 8
Indus
Polytheistic
Larger than Mesopotamia and Egypt
3000bce-2500 bce
Rivers: Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
Grid patterned city streets
Private bathrooms with sewage systems
Traded with Mesopotamia (Soapstone Seals)
Writing system we still can’t read
Declined around 2000bce…why?
1700bce – Aryans (Indo-European nomads)
Came into India and dominated—Vedas/Caste System
Slide 9
Mesoamerica and South America (Latin America)
Olmecs
Near Gulf of Mexico
1500bce
Not around a river valley
Had religious, political, and economic centers
Colossal Heads
6ft high and 16-18 tons
What happened to them? It’s a mystery…
Slide 10
Religion
Hinduism
South Asia
Buddhism
South Asia
Approx. 563BCE
Confucianism
China
551BCE
Legalism
China
Judaism
Arabian Peninsula
2000 BCE
Christianity
Approx. 25BCE
Israel
Daoism
China
Slide 11
Hinduism
Religion and culture in S. Asia
Karma
Reincarnation
Moksha
Caste system
Slide 12
Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama
Prince in India
Buddha = enlightened one
4 Noble Truths/8 Fold Path
Nirvana
Slide 13
China
Huang He (Yellow River, River of Sorrows)
Loess; unpredictable
Shang Dynasty
1766-1122bce
Oracle Bones
Bronze weapons
Zhou
1122-256bce
Mandate of Heaven
Family unit was #1
Era of Warring States
Slide 14
Quick Check!
Rivers?
AP-River Valley Civilizations Foundations (8000CE) 600 CE
